In August 2010, the FBI arrested three Rhode Island Trinitario members for conspiracy to distribute MDMA and firearms violations. Seventeen other Trinitario members also allegedly collected money to buy weapons, hire lawyers, and aid members (brothers) in prison.
The majority of illegal cell phones in California prisons are smuggled in by visitors or correctional staff. Many cell phones have also been discoveredin legal mail and quarterly packages. In 2010, more than 10,000 illegal cell phones were confiscated from prisoners in California.
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Historically, correctional staff who have been caught smuggling phones have been successfully prosecuted only when the phone was connected to a more serious charge such as drug distribution,and district attorney offices rarely prosecute unless a more serious offense is involved. In March 2011, legislation was approved in the California State Senate to criminalize the use of cell phones in prison, including penalties for both smugglers and inmates.
While there are almost certainly more, the following is an inventory of white supremacist prison gangs that the ADL Center on Extremism has created by working with correctional institutions and law enforcement, reviewing case files and news stories, and tapping its own extensive body of information of white supremacist prison gang activities.
Early white supremacist prison gangs included the Aryan Warriors, Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, Ohio Aryan Brotherhood and the Arizona Aryan Brotherhood. As these examples show, a number of these gangs appropriated the name of the original California-based Aryan Brotherhood gang, but they and other similarly named groups are separate from and independent of the original Aryan Brotherhood.
Today, white supremacist prison gangs are one of the most active and violent segments of the white supremacist movement in the United States. Most states have at least one organized white supremacist prison gang; many have more. Such prison gangs are typically larger than other types of white supremacist groups, with memberships that often are in the hundreds, with a few, like the Aryan Circle and Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, reaching 1,500 or more members. Moreover, most prison gangs have substantial numbers of associates (including women) and hangers-on in addition to formally admitted members.
As white supremacist prison gangs have increasingly expanded onto the streets, the long-term trend has been for gangs to exert more control and direction over this part of their membership. This has allowed several such gangs to engage in large-scale organized crime such as drug distribution.
As their names suggest, white supremacist prison gangs are not simply race-based, as many gangs are, but have adopted a form of white supremacist ideology. The earliest gangs had a crude, homegrown version of white supremacy but over time they have adopted most of the ideas and symbols of other, more traditional white supremacist groups.
The degree to which white supremacist prison gang members internalize white supremacist ideology can vary widely, particularly if the main motivations a member may have for joining such a group are not related to racism. Often a gang may have a contingent of members who are fully enmeshed in white supremacist beliefs, as well as a larger section of membership that may simply exhibit racism or bigotry. Different gangs may be more or less hateful to different races, though all tend to be hostile to Blacks and Black gangs in prison. Some white supremacist prison gangs have had small numbers of Hispanic members.
Some gangs, such as the Ghost Face Gangsters in Georgia, have a relatively weak attachment to white supremacy and exist somewhere on the border between white supremacist prison gangs and white race-based gangs.
Groups have turned many of these slogans and concepts into acronyms, numeric codes or other similar expressions. These coded expressions have also become part of the subculture underlying white supremacist prison gangs, as members use them for identifying themselves and each other and to strengthen group bonds. Even learning all the different codes, acronyms and hand signs creates a bond with other group members.
Women support members behind bars, help inmates communicate with each other, publish and distribute newsletters and other materials, and engage in criminal activities such as smuggling contraband into prisons. Without the roles played by women, white supremacist prison gangs would find it much more difficult to operate.
Just in the last few years, dozens of women with connections to white supremacist prison gangs have been arrested on a variety of charges. Often these women are wives, girlfriends or even the mothers of white supremacist prison gang members. Though not all participate directly in criminal activity, they are particularly useful in assisting members behind bars. Smuggling contraband and communications are two of the most common such roles, but women have also assisted in prison escapes and even murders.
For example, in 2019 Renee Johnson-Fritz forwarded a message from her incarcerated husband, Frederick Fritz, a leader in the Kansas Aryan Brotherhood, to an inmate at another corrections facility. The message was an order to murder another prisoner. The order was carried out by a gang member who stabbed the victim more than 20 times (the victim survived the attack). In December 2021, Renee Johnson-Fritz pleaded guilty to solicitation to commit capital murder and was sentenced to 59 months in prison. In March 2022, a judge dismissed the solicitation of murder case against Frederick Fritz because the case had not gone to trial within a 180-day deadline as required by law.
That same year, Kennan Gililland, a female associate of the Arkansas-based prison gang New Aryan Empire, assisted in the prison escape of its leader, Wesley Gullet, and an associate. Gililland picked up the two gang members following their escape, driving them 130 miles away from the prison and providing food and supplies for them. Gililland pleaded guilty to two counts of aiding and abetting escape in July 2020.
In February 2020, Aubrie Brown and three male members or associates of the Ghost Face Gangsters prison gang allegedly stormed into the home of a mother and her 14-year-old daughter, demanding to speak to a male who owned the home. After returning to their car, one of the men allegedly fired several shots at the home, hitting and killing the daughter, who was at the front door. All four suspects and an additional man allegedly involved in the planning of the invasion face murder, false imprisonment, aggravated assault and weapons charges.
In September 2019, Yvonne Paul, the mother of a high-ranking member of the Georgia Aryan Brotherhood, was one of three women accused of attempting to smuggle tobacco and illegal prescriptions into the Polk County jail in Georgia. Another inmate found the contraband and reported to corrections staff before the intended recipient could retrieve it.
White supremacist prison gangs routinely engage in a variety of different criminal activities both behind bars and in the free world. Indeed, all but the smallest such gangs can be considered ongoing criminal enterprises, i.e., organized crime. Organized crime activities include illegal drug distribution, theft rings, identity theft, and other crimes. White supremacist prison gangs also commit crimes of violence against rival gangs of different types, as well as their own members. Moreover, gang members may use deadly violence against corrections officials, police, or anybody else coming in the way of criminal activities or attempts to escape prison or arrest. Because they are also white supremacist, they can commit hate-motivated crimes as well, behind bars and on the streets.
Hate-Motivated CrimeThough not their most common form of violence, white supremacist prison gang members do engage in hate-motivated crime, targeting people of other races, ethnicities or religions. Frequently, such hate-motivated crimes committed by members are spontaneous violent reactions to an unplanned encounter rather than premeditated acts.
In April 2021, Joseph Rossing, a member of the small, Iowa-based white supremacist prison gang known as Frys, and another man, encountered a Black driver who told them to get their children out of the street. The two men took the man out of his car and repeatedly punched and kicked him in the head while yelling racial slurs. During the assault, Rossing removed his shirt and pounded a swastika tattoo on his chest. In November 2021, Rossing was sentenced to 17 years in prison, following an Alford plea to harassment, burglary and willful injury.
Although less common, premeditated hate crimes committed by white supremacist prison gang members do occur. In 2010, Steven S. Cantrell, a member of the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas trying to gain status within the gang, committed a series of arsons targeting ethnic and religious minorities. Cantrell vandalized and set fire to a predominantly Black church, started a fire at the home of a Jewish man, and set fire to a gym owned by mixed-race couple. He also set fire to a church van and a utility trailer. For his one-day crime spree, Cantrell pleaded guilty to federal hate crime charges and received a sentence of more than 37 years in prison.
Individual gang members can also engage in their own criminal activities. When police arrested Jesse R. Lohman, a member of the Brothers of White Warriors, a New Hampshire-based white supremacist prison gang, he was traveling with a large amount of pure methamphetamine in a stolen vehicle with a bogus license plate. He was also in possession of illegal brass knuckles as well as a wooden club and a book on Adolf Hitler. The arrest came just a week after his release from prison for a prior conviction. Lohman pleaded guilty to possessing methamphetamine with intent to distribute and was subsequently sentenced to 12 years in federal prison. 2ff7e9595c
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